Ingeniería Electrónica

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://hdl.handle.net/11371/78

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Reducción de Ruido en Señales de Espectroscopia en Resonancia Magnética con Transformada Wavelets COINFLET Y BIORTHOGONAL
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Navarrete Forero, Fabio Andrés; Cancino del Greiff, Héctor Fernando
This document presents the application of the Coinflet Wavelet Transform and the Biorthogonal wavelet family to reduce noise in magnetic resonance images, used in non-invasive medical processes. Noisy measured signals are processed by a noise cleaning algorithm in Matlab; then the signals are converted to the frequency domain where they are processed Compressed and cleaned from Noisy source. The wavelet transform is a technique used to manipulate, analyze, and compress signals more efficiently in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noise reduction applications, which can often be affected by Gaussian noise from from different sources, said Gaussian noise is difficult to clean due to the amount of information that must be processed in diagnoses of ligament ruptures to tumors. The Coiflet wavelet uses compact support techniques and improved regularity properties to capture fine details in the image and preserve structural features. relevant, while reducing unwanted noise. In contrast, the Biorthogonales family of wavelets have the advantage of having separable analysis and synthesis filters, which simplifies the filtering process and improves efficiency. The noise reduction with wavelet presented satisfactory results at high frequencies where the Coinflet wavelet stood out in comparison to the Daubechies and the Biorthogonal using the Penallo Threshold technique.
Reducción de ruido de señales de resonancia magnética con método wavelet, biortogonal (RBIO) y MEYER (DMEY).
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Vivas Ramos, Fabian Alejandro; Cancino de Greif, Héctor Fernando
In the development of the study or taking of images in the diagnosis of cases or health problems, it plays a fundamental role for the detection and prevention of diseases. In fact, this system is mainly used as diagnostic support. The analysis from MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images allows organs such as the brain, spinal cord, nerves, muscles, ligaments, tendons, tumors or cysts in the liver; appear clearer in contrast to X-rays and CT) [1]. However, storing and transmitting this type of images through the network implies increasing the bandwidth and reducing the transmission speed, since digital images can present three types of redundancy: psychovisual, spatial, and encoding. From this arises the need to apply compression methods, without loss, which reduce the bit rate for transmission or storage and preserve the relevant information without affecting the quality of the compressed image; factors that are fundamental in the hospital and telemedicine environment. One of the techniques applied to compress, without losses, is the Wavelet transform (WT) proposed at the end of the 80s; This provides simultaneous information on the amplitude and frequency of the signals from the translation and scale change of a function called: Mother Wavelet, which gives rise to 5 different Wavelet families, among which are: Haar, Daubechies, Biortogonal, Symlet. , Meyer, Coiflets, Mexican Hat, Shannon, and Morlet [2]. In addition, it has characteristics such as: orthogonality, invertibility, multiscalar representation, compaction and energy invariance [3]. These characteristics constitute the main difference with respect to compression methods such as the Fourier transform and the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), where only frequency information of the signal is obtained, that is, the maximum spectral resolution is achieved sacrificing temporal resolution. [4]. For this reason, WT is currently one of the most powerful tools in signal processing and compression of MRI images. Generally, in lossless compression techniques, the DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) is used because it decomposes the images by: low-pass-low-pass (LL), low-pass-high-pass (LH), high-pass filter -low pass (HL) and high pass high pass (HH). The LL filter generates a rough coefficient and the remaining three are verbose coefficients. The LL sub-band contains information of the low frequencies of the original image. In a similar way, the bands, HL, LH and HH, contain information of the high frequencies, this allows to apply the reconstruction process after decimating said coefficients and with it, to Apply compression processes without useful losses to reduce the bandwidth, improve the storage capacity and increase the transmission speed without affecting the quality of the diagnostic image, based on this, it seeks to reduce the noise of the magnetic resonance using, The method of the discrete Biorthogonal wavelets transform (rbio) and discrete Meyer (Dmeyer ).
Reducción de ruido de señales de resonancia magnética con método wavelet, Biortogonal (RBIO) y Meyer (DMEY)
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Vivas Ramos, Fabian Alejandro; Cansino, Fernando
In the development of the study or imaging in the diagnosis of cases or health problems, it plays a fundamental role in the detection and prevention of diseases. In fact, this system is mainly used as a diagnostic support. The analysis from MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images allows organs such as the brain, spinal cord, nerves, muscles, ligaments, tendons, tumors or cysts in the liver to be seen more clearly in contrast to X-rays and CT) [1]. However, storing and transmitting this type of images through the network implies increasing the bandwidth and decreasing the transmission speed, due to the fact that digital images can present three types of redundancy: psychovisual, spatial and coding. From this arises the need to apply compression methods, without loss, that reduce the rate of transmission. lossless compression methods that reduce the bit rate for transmission or storage and preserve the relevant information without affecting the quality of the compressed image; factors that are essential in the hospital and Telemedicine field.
Reducción de ruido en señales de espectroscopia en resonancia magnética con transformada wavelets COINFLET y BIORTHOGONAL
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Navarrete Forero, Fabio Andres; Cancino del Greiff, Héctor Fernando
This paper presents the application of the Coinflet Wavelet Transform and the Biorthogonal wavelet family for noise reduction in magnetic resonance images used in non-invasive medical processes. The measured signals with noise are processed by a noise cleaning algorithm in Matlab; then the signals are converted to the frequency domain where they are processed Compressed and cleaned from Noisy source. The wavelet transform is a technique used to manipulate, analyze and compress signals more efficiently in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noise reduction applications, which can often be affected by Gaussian noise from different sources, such Gaussian noise is difficult to clean because of the amount of information to be processed in diagnostics from ligament ruptures to tumors.
Optimización de antena de ancho de banda ultra amplio (uwb) tipo conica con corrugaciones
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Monroy Rozo, Edwin Fernando; Patalagua Bernal, Luis Enrique; Nova Manosalva, Omar Ariel
The purpose of this project lies in; design, calculate, simulate and validate the operation of a corrugation type UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) antenna, optimizing the operating frequencies by varying the geometry for better performance in the bandwidth. The proposed design of the rectangular and cone type antennas by means of the method used of rectangular forms of exponential order and ground plane to design a compact size omnidirectional antenna with a series of inserts or corrugation type elements established directly in the patch, make the distribution of the induced magnetic field is more efficient, allowing us to obtain greater frequency coverage. The simulated and measured results show that using this method the bandwidth improves by 3.23% over the percentage improvement already achieved in the cone type antenna.
Sistemas de alerta temprana como herramienta de prevención de infecciones respiratorias agudas con IoT
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Salgado Bohórquez, Laura Elizabeth; Moreno Rojas, Johan Mateo; Canova, Walder de Jesús; Petearson Anzola, John
In this degree work, an early warning IoT system was designed that allows the control of relative humidity to reduce the probability of contagion of pathogenic microorganisms of Acute Respiratory Infection (IRA) in an interior environment in the city of Bogotá, controlling the change of humidity when altered with a humidifying and dehumidifying device. The implemented system receives the information read by the relative humidity and temperature sensors that are intended to be used during the analysis, this information is stored in order to generate early alerts that allow activating the humidifier device and dehumidifier, varying the concentration of particulate water in the environment.
Diseño, simulación y construcción de antenas de microcinta para la frecuencia de 2.4 ghz
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Olarte Ciprian, Carlos Merckx; Ríos Sendoya, Luis Fernando
This document describes the work carried out regarding the design, simulation, construction and parameterization of microstrip antennas in 3 different versions such as patch type, patch with GAP and arrangement of 4 rectangular patches, which are resonant for a frequency of 2.4 Ghz, with an input impedance of 50Ω. And a gain greater than 16 dB. Initially, the most relevant basic parameters of the antennas are described, in this case: pattern of radiation, VWSR, Loss return, Bandwidth, scatering or dispersion parameters, as well the main characteristics of the substrates are analyzed and finally some precisions are made about the microstrip antenna arrays, regarding the analysis methods are studied: lines of transmission, cavity model and full wave analysis and finally the methods such as: microstrip transmission line, coaxial probe, coupling by proximity, and by openness. Once the main theoretical topics have been studied, we proceed to the design, starting with the choice of the substrate, continuing with the calculation of the dimensions of the radiant patch, ground plane, GAP and finally the calculations of the feeding line will be carried out. Once the materials and dimensions of the antennas have been calculated, we will proceed to carry out the simulations using the CST Studio software in order to check that the calculations made behave according to the needs of the project and find optimization options the antenna. Later we build the antenna and proceed to make its parameterization by means of the Agilent 5471C vector network analyzer this in order to check if the calculations performed and the simulations correspond to the real behavior of the antennas; the measurements were carried out in a real environment which allows interaction with all spectrum interferences electromagnetic field in the chapinero sector in Bogotá, these measurements allowed corroborating the operation, performance and characterization of the built antennas.
Master control de transmisión y procesamiento de señales en alta definición para mundial de fútbol brasil 2014 en río de janeiro
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Infante Muñoz, Alexander; Caicedo, Alejandro
Every four years the World Cup is held, this great event requires of a technological deployment by television and radio channels who transmit the signal to each of their countries. The logistics necessary for your development begins one year in advance, during which time each company apply to HBS1 the space in the IBC2 as well as technical services necessary for the installation of the equipment. When a television channel arrives in the host country, it must start with the process of installation of the Transmission Control Master, place where it is received, processed and distribute all the signals coming from the different transmission points and development of sporting events. This Master requires a design prior, thought of all the needs that may arise, and that adjustment with the services requested by the organization, this planning must and it has to be precise and exact, since the execution times are limited and any delay in implementation generates additional costs to production of the event. The design of the Transmission Control Master not only focuses on which equipment must be used, it must also take into account the facilities of the implementation and the needs to be covered, since this depends on decisions such as the choice between buying or renting equipment, moving material and of course the team of technical personnel to be displaced. The whole process of design and execution are framed in this document entitled "Master Transmission Control and Signal Processing in High Definition for Brazil World Cup in Rio de Janeiro”
Optimización del consumo y locomoción en un robot nao usando algoritmos genéticos
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Rodriguez Gomez, Alfredo; Heredia Jaramillo, Wilmar Ignacio; Caycedo Villalobos, Carlos Mario
The walk of the human being has been the subject of study of many scientists and engineers who have developed strategies and models that will allow to a mechanical structure to mimic and achieve a realistic likeness of this process locomotive, Contreras Bravo, L., & Vargas Tamayo, L. (2005). With strategies like biomechanics McGeer (1990), the mechanical development of Robots has been achieved that can simulate the movement of the human being of its lower extremities and superiors. Already with mathematical models such as those studied by Roa, Máximo Alejandro, Villegas, Camilo, & Garzon-Alvarado, Diego Alexander. (2007) citing McGeer, that represent the different movements, simulations of the displacement and to know how the structure responds to different variables of the process. Such models as the rimless wagon wheel model from which come off the walker with straight legs and walker with knees or the model of the spoked wagon wheel and the McGeer synthetic wheel model (1990), allows to calculate an excellent approximation to the behavior biomechanical from mathematical modeling.
Qos en aodv y aomdv para la transmisión de vídeo h.264/svc en redes ad hoc
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Cuellar Chaparro, Juan Camilo; Petearson Anzola, John
This document sets out the approach, process and solution of a research question based on H.264/SVC video streaming in an Ad Hoc network, evaluating QoS in the AODV and AOMDV protocols, under the 802.11 (DCF) and 802.11e (EDCA) standards. The problem posed was in evaluating QoS in the video transmission with the criteria above said, depending on the speed of the network nodes set between 0 and 30 m/s, in such a way that the network studied was of the MANET and VANET type. The study and execution of the proposal was carried out in the simulator of MyEvalSVC research provided by researcher Chic-Heng Ke, This simulator is a set of software (NS2, Python, C++) that allow create and evaluate Ad Hoc network scenarios and packet transmission that is carried out in the network, through the metrics: Delay, Jitter, PDR, Throughput, among others, giving a value of quality of service. Based on the data collected by the MyEvalSVC simulator, it is calculated the values of Delay, Jitter, PDR and Throughput for each network scenario, and With the Matlab tool, the curves of these metrics are plotted in function of the speed of the nodes. From the results of the investigation, it was possible to determine that, when the nodes of the Ad Hoc network move at a speed greater than 10 m/s, the video transmission is of poor quality producing a great loss of packages.
Diseño de un algoritmo de tracking para línea negra en un drone
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Muñoz Jiménez, Lenni Durbay; Anzola, Jhon Peaterson
In the following work, the main task is to develop an algorithm capable of to follow a line, having as input signal an image so that the algorithm perform control on the device and thus adjust its position on the line. This project is focused on the development of artificial intelligence and aerial tracking of the line, taking the line followers as a reference terrestrial and the identification of objects, with image processing, which is presented in exhibitions of a robotic nature by the University Foundation Los Liberators. In the acquisition of information made regarding the drones within the area experimental (investigative) in which they are used, projects have been found to reconnaissance of areas such as military camps (espionage), objects (vehicles, and people) and execution of tasks such as traversing trajectories to carry out maps or vertical views.
Diseño de un controlador adaptativo basado en los parámetros de sintonización de ziegler y nichols para plantas de primer orden
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Corredor Carreño, Juan Carlos; González Triana, Oscar Andrés; Anzola Anzola, Jhon Petearson
For the development of this paper grade, begins by describing the problems found and establishing a research question and then justify why its authors have undertaken this project. Following is the definition of the problem and set objectives to achieve in order to design an adaptive controller based on the tuning parameters of Ziegler and Nichols first-order plant. Then construct the frame of reference, including the background and conceptual framework that will support the development and design, followed by application of a methodology chosen to do step by step the proposed model. Finally, we present the results and conclusions described the achievement of the overall objective of the thesis and materialize the way to gaining the professional electronics engineers.
Monitoreo de la temperatura superficial de la lechuga en un cultivo urbano empleando el sensor AMG8833
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Castaño Esquivel, Gina Paola; Nisperusa Toledo, Jorge Luis
Urban Agriculture is a healthy food system where the current trend and prospects for the development of production and trade of certified agricultural products. As an innovation and strategy to resolve integral to the current problems of food production, the Agriculture of pressure that seeks to minimize environmental pollution and maximize profits by controlling the amount of fertilizers added to the soil taking into account the nutrients already existing in the entire surface to be cultivated and the specific requirement of the themselves by the crop. It is also based on the early detection of pests and pathogens in agricultural fields in such a way that as little as possible is used of pesticides, which are dosed in a controlled and slow way before the attack by part of the pests or pathogens is irreversible. Modern agriculture wants promote efficiency in the available resources, the sustainability of the agricultural resource, the preservation of the environment and have a differentiation with respect to its competitors. In this sense, the so-called Wireless Sensor Networks can be a tool to monitor, predict and optimize activity management and resources agriculture in real time. Sensors capture information from the environment (temperature, ambient humidity, soil humidity, solar radiation, rainfall...) and transfer it to the remote equipment. With the above, the importance of measuring surface temperature with the use of infrared sensors where in this work the consultation and the application of the Sensor AMG8833 8X8.
Implementación de las redes neuronales para el reconocimiento de las imágenes de niños y niñas adolescentes
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Garavito Navarro, Jeisson; Ladino Vega, Iván Darío
Human beings from birth have the ability to store all kinds of information in their minds. Among them patterns, sequences and faces of people. Part of the information that manages to be stored over time tends to be forgotten unless the brain is exposed to constant training, therefore, there will be details that never forget, for example, the face of the mother, father, brothers, etc., these faces are unique in the brain, as well as the representation of the sex with which they are born a human being, as explained in Cosmopolitan magazine "If it's XY your genitals will be female, if it is XX it will be male. You can see the case containing the two sexes, so that would be an intersex person.”
Sistema de monitoreo electromecánico que verifica el estado de las tapas ancladas a cámaras de inspección subterránea basado en IoT.
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Galindo Herrera, Iván Darío; Acosta González, Jonathan; Petearson Anzola, John
A review of the literature was carried out, regarding existing models made in Colombia and in some cities of the world such as China, the United States, Mexico, the work carried out, models and communication systems, closing, opening and geolocation. With this, a description and idea were obtained, which allowed the conception of a prototype that would mitigate the theft of sewer covers that give access to underground chambers, in order to protect infrastructure with applicability in telecommunications companies. The proposal is presented as a possible innovation, in terms of conventional sewer cover opening and closing systems, by incorporating an alternate mechanism, which mitigates the theft of this infrastructure, through a communication system with alerts of its condition.
Sistema de monitoreo electromecánico que verifica el estado de las tapas ancladas a cámaras de inspección subterránea basado en IoT.
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Galindo Herrera, Iván Darío; Acosta González, Jonathan; Petearson Anzola, John
A review of the literature was carried out, in terms of existing models made in Colombia and in some cities of the world such as China, United States United States, Mexico, the work carried out, models and communication systems, closing, opening and geolocation. With this, a description and idea was obtained, which allowed the conception of a prototype that would mitigate the theft of bottle caps sewers that give access to underground chambers, in order to protect infrastructure with applicability in telecommunications companies. The proposal is presented as a possible innovation, in terms of the systems of opening and closing of conventional sewer covers, by incorporating a alternative mechanism, which mitigates the theft of this infrastructure, through a communication system with status alerts.
Generador de ruidos cardiacos
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Castro Gutierrez, Sandro Fabián; Luis Fernando, Ríos Sendoya
This research shows the necessary tools for the simulation of cardiac behaviors through significant graphic elements, which will help those interested in the field of engineering and medicine to analyze cardiac activities. The software development implementation will provide the necessary elements to manage the aforementioned modeling, programming that will be responsible for emulating the behavior of the human heart.
Sistema de asistencia y monitoreo para un parqueadero en entorno abierto usando visión artificial
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Castellanos Rojas, Sergio Steven; Jiménez, Andres Camilo
Digital image processing (DIP), are the techniques that are applied to the figure in order to extract information and improve its visual quality, for this, mathematical morphology is used, that is, the internal processing of its elements, adopting the image as an organized numerical set, which is called a matrix. The objective of this project is to offer control to open vehicle parking lots, facilitating the location of free places for drivers and operators, this is achieved through the use of cameras, resulting in the number of available places and the route that the drivers must take. vehicles upon entering.
Mapeo y localización basada en edometría usando imágenes como Land Marks
Borrero Cruz, Eduardo; Jiménez Alvarez, Andrés Camilo
The implementation of a mobile robot that generates maps and locates it has a large number of applications in which it can be used, so it is necessary to establish the tools that are going to be used so that its construction is economical and the computing requirements are minimal. Research on locating in unknown environments and simultaneously generating a map, has resulted in a large number of advances essentially in new algorithms, mobile robot designs and types of sensors, so that their performance is more efficient from combined actions of location, exploration and artificial vision for the detection of objects or marks.
Asistente robótico para personas con discapacidad visual
(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá.) Cardenas Caicedo, Juan Camilo; Gomez Arciniegas, Juan David; Martinez Bedoya, Cristian; Jimenez Alvarez, Andres Camilo
Worldwide, there is a large part of the population that has some vision disease or impairment, some progressive over time while others present from birth. For these people the moving within an environment they don't recognize can turn out to be something complicated since they cannot perceive any distance or depth with each object located in said space with respect to its own position, reason for the which many times can collide during their displacement with any element. This degree work shows the development of a robotic assistant that Allow to help people with visual impairment to move in an environment closed unknown. Based on reliable techniques to carry out the process of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping or SLAM (Simultaneus Localization And mapping); the robot creates a map of the environment and is able to navigate the same from the algorithms developed. Furthermore the robot can connect and interact with any Android terminal which allows the user communicate directly with the robot wirelessly and give the commands necessary for the assistant to attend the user's call. The operation of the robot is based on an open source type framewrok that has innumerable tools and libraries that greatly facilitate the work to develop robotic interpretation software in languages of basic programming like C ++, Python and Java. Robotic Operating System or ROS (Robot Operating System) has a community of developers all over the world who give great support to the platform and pay in a very good way the concerns presented by other developers, this being an advantage of open source type software.

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