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- ÍtemAlmacenamiento térmico de energía, de tipo latente, por medio de la producción de hielo(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá., ) Soto Umaña, Duván Camilo; Carrillo Álvarez, Víctor Manuel
- ÍtemAnálisis de antecedente de recubrimiento en base DLC para ser aplicado en un cojinete de bancada(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá., ) Lopez Zorro, Alvaro Enrique; Ayure Rodriguez, Pedro Nicolas; Gutierrez Bernal, Jesus ManuelIn the background review, the DLC coating is one of the best techniques in terms of improving mechanical properties since it presents high hardness values which lead to improvement in cyclical processes, that is, elements that are subjected to fatigue, this also helps in the resistance to wear and tear also have a very low coefficient of friction which is very good for the work environment to which a main bearing is subjected when performing pretreatments the properties of the substrate are further improved this coating technique has several deposition techniques mainly PVD and CVD techniques are developed, which have different activation methods and certain demands for vacuum work worldwide, several ramifications and variants have been obtained due to its wide field of action, as well as they develop it for different demands, which makes the technique is more innovative over time as it improves greatly distinguish as p mechanical properties
- ÍtemAnálisis de causa raíz de falla en un tubo de cobre y un racor de bronce perteneciente a una caldera de una máquina de caféTéllez Naranjo, Harold Norberto; Rengifo Zambrano, Jorge Luis; Castro Castro, José DavidThe project of grade Analysis of root cause of failure in a copper tube and a bronze fitting belonging to a boiler of a coffee machine is a diagnosis of causes and effects of failures that are presented in componenentes that work in a boiler, in this case , the pipe section next to a fitting. To reach this end, an initial observation of the components was made, a detailed analysis of the elements by means of metallographic studies and hardness tests. Compiling the results obtained, it delves into the data obtained by means of specialized bibliography, to make a correct diagnosis of the failures. After analyzing the data, it is concluded that the components fail mainly by bad operation of the boiler, which does not work with the appropriate parameters. Additional to this, the welding application in the joints is not the most correct, which also plays an important role in the root cause of the failures present.
- ÍtemAnálisis de corrosión de válvulas de admisión y escape de un motor DieselArias Arias, Cesar; Beltran Buitrago, Ivan; Perea, Jairo Andres; Gutierrez Bernal, Jesus ManuelIn this project, the diagnosis of corrosion found in a valve of a diesel engine was made. To do this, a visual inspection of the object of study was carried out, with the support of characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and hardness measurement. . The analyzes of the samples also help to gather evidence to clarify the general picture of the root of the fault. After studying the information collected, it is concluded that the valve communicates corrosion in the form of bites caused by the environment to which it was already. This type of studies helps to define the design parameters to avoid faults in machines and structures, as well as a history of failures with the defined causes that will serve as support for future projects.
- ÍtemAnálisis de corrosión en el acero 440c inoxidable con diésel y biodiesel.García García, Oscar Javier; Carvajal Castiblanco, Diego Alejandro; Hincapié Campos, Williams Steve.Due to the application of new energy sources in the world thanks to the constant advances in technology and needs of the planet, the use of Biodiesel has emerged as an important alternative in the replacement of fossil fuel in diesel engines as it becomes a component With great advantages for both the equipment and the environment. In this thesis, a study was carried out with one of the valves of a vehicle of the reference commercial brand --2M that is fueled by diesel fuel, (this type of engine was chosen due to the great impact that these buses contract on the system integrated transport in Bogotá "Sitp-Transmilenio"), in order to know the corrosion that occurs in the engine components that have the same characteristics of the chemical components, we conducted a study of corrosion in them with diesel fuels and Grade 12 biodiesel, identifying which of the two is more susceptible to corrosion, thus leading to demonstrate that biodiesel being biodegradable tends to have less corrosion effects on said material of which These valves are included referring to the increase of the useful life of the same and the components of the motor that it has in the same chemical elements. For the search of these results, two different tests are projected to demonstrate the involvement of the material of these valves with the chosen fuels. The behavior of this material with Diesel or Biodiesel was evaluated to establish the comparison of the actions of each one. Immersion tests at room temperature and TAFEL corrosion tests were performed. In the immersion tests, the material was exposed for 30 days or 720 hours, periodically recording its weight with a precision balance with a resolution of 0.00001 g. In addition to this.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla a un perno de sujeción de una peletizadora(Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores. Sede Bogotá., ) Pedraza Arias, Jairo Alexander; Gutiérrez Bernal, Jesús ManuelThe project of degree Analysis of the failure of a bolt to hold a pelletizer is a diagnosis of causes and effects of faults that occur in components that work in a pelletizer, in this case, the bolt that holds the blades of the pelletizer. To reach this end, an initial observation of the components was made, a detailed analysis of the elements through metallographic studies and hardness tests. By compiling the results obtained, the data obtained by means of specialized bibliography is deepened, in order to make a correct diagnosis of the faults. After analyzing the data, it is concluded that the components fail mainly due to bad operation of the boiler, which does not work with the appropriate parameters. In addition to this, the welding application in the joints is not the most correct, which also plays an important role in the root cause of the faults present.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de 3 válvulas de admisión de un motor de combustión internaGama Ávila, Gilber Anderson; Mora Guzmán, Wilsón; Romero Pedraza, Jonathan; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoThe following project aims to implement a failure analysis method to determine the cause that caused the plastic deformation in three intake valves of an internal combustion engine, the methodology that was used allowed to visually identify the damages suffered by the valves, identify the possible causes of failure, through theoretical research to contextualize with some of the different methods that currently exist to analyze this type of faults, through the use of laboratory elements and metallographic studies it was possible to conclude the type of material from which they are manufactured. intake valves and was determined, making comparisons with other combustion engines if these valves were suitable for use in this configuration. Finally, the effectiveness of the use of failure analysis and root cause analysis method was concluded, which led to defining the primary cause and the inherent causes of its normal operation, which served to bring them to their final failure, comparing these results with other investigations.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de 3 válvulas de escape de un motor de combustión internaCastañeda Cortes, Leonard Alejandro; Guiza Cuitiva, Carlos Andrés; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn this project was carried out the implementation of the failure analysis method to evaluate thermal deformation on valves of a motor of a vehicle that no presented any type of fracture, but a deformation. Using these results were determined, a previous classification which helped us to clarify the main causes and consequences of the failures in the different valves that were analyzed, recognizing their origin and exposing the most important factors. With this analysis, the purpose is to prevent this type of failures from occurring again in the future, suggesting a preventive analysis that involves good quality control, in addition to preventive and active maintenance and constant monitoring of these systems.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de elementos de transmisión obtenidos de DINISSANMartínez García, Juan Camilo; García Peralta, Jhonatan Wilmer; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn this project, failure analysis is presented to determine the causes and events that gave rise to the fracture in a differential by means of a study of fatigue and fracture. The analysis was performed by cutting a highly affected sample, in which a roughing was done through a sanding process to obtain a mirror shine on the surface, in addition to a chemical attack to achieve more accurate parameters in the metallographic analysis. The presence of martensite reave in the form of traces, a ferritic matrix (Gray) and a hardness value under the structure belonging to a steel 1040 or 4140 was observed. The cause of such failure was an erroneous maintenance in the process of lubrication of the pieces, as a thermal treatment of tempering in its manufacture causing a decrease in its hardness, it should be noted that being a purely experimental analysis is not necessary to perform mathematical calculations. (Apartes del texto)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de pernos de aceroPeña Rojas, Wilder Stiven; Cortes Pineda, Jorge Alejandro; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn this project the analysis of the failure of the two in a PVC plant in the GERFOR SAS plant is presented. These two bolts were taken to the laboratory of metals and heat treatments of the university liberators, to perform the study of fracture, which presents a transversal fracture. A transversal cut was made, it can be used with different sanding calibers and a chemical attack was carried out with 10% for a metallographic operation in a longitudinal section by means of an optical microscope at an image magnification of 100x, 200x, 500x and 1000x, On the other hand, a test of central, external and lateral hardness was performed on the rockwell scale, this was done in order to identify the type of fracture and steel, finally fracture was found by fatigue inside the bolt and beach marks. Where the fault began and the fracture occurred. (Apartes del texto)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de punzones de taladro para asfalto y concretoYaruro Barranco, Manuel Fernando; Escobar Serna, Álvaro; Arenas Muñoz, Luis Miguel; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn the present project, the failure analysis was carried out for two different mechanical components, in this case a drill punch to remove asphalt and a drill punch to remove concrete. In the failure analysis that was carried out initially was made the identification and visual inspection of the different components, step followed we carried out the analysis metallographic to identify the content of constituents in its microstructure and thus to know that material was each component and identify the causes of the failures generated, as a third step was performed Rockwell hardness test with the help of the different equipment provided by the Fundaci´on Universitaria Los Libertadores. From the results obtained it can be concluded the method by which the failure is presented in each one of the different components.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de Sprockets de motocicletaCastro Sopo, Germán Camilo; Serrano Álvarez, Néstor Adrián; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoThe project describes how the process is carried out to achieve different identification techniques for evaluate, demonstrate and conclude, about the failure through the mechanical elements of the motorcycle, in short, which is currently in common use in mobility. For this reason, the behavior of the material is studied in different situations and specific conditions, that way it can be seen once the parties are in the laboratory of the planned relationships. And like the hardness and microstructure tests, they show results that show and show the causes that affect the normal performance of the system. The tests carried out and the analysis that is created classify the behavior of the material that helps to explain the origins of the failure of the components. The presence of the most important results of the reason why the facts began in the propagation of the failure, so the analysis is intended to be avoided in the morning the anomalies are presented and are faced. The authors of this document argue that more thorough preventive checks and quality controls and continuous maintenance Lista de Figuras xi planning are carried out to improve and avoid the damages and / or prolong them in effect. The investigation concludes that there are very similar results in some elements, but in the analysis it is achieved that each element is presented with different faults, which indicates that each of them is required in particular; how to highlight the methodology of the process that can be perceived in the project.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de un engranaje de la caja de cambios de una motocicletaRomero Lozano, Duvian Samir; Giraldo Ramos, Jair Antonio; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoThe topic of ”failure analysis”began to have important when experience and logic emerge that, in an industrial aspect, it is not feasible to have many elements of the same type to be replacements, but to find the reason for the causes that lead to the failure of said elements. In order to arrive at the result that responds to the basis of this research, it is based on the use of metallographic tools, hardness and observation equipment, to determine the hardness and analyze the micro-structure of the material with which the pinion is manufactured, subsequently by means of a visual inspection it was obtained as a result that the analyzed piece fails due to fatigue, and that this type of failure occurs in the piece due to the cracks generated by the different wear mechanisms, these cracks being the ones that start the fatigue on the tooth of the pinion and that ends with the sudden fracture of the tooth.(Apartes del texto)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de un resorte helicoidal de compresión y un perno fracturadoBosa Martínez, Daniel Arturo; Martínez, Favio; Roa Caicedo, Jasson Hernando; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn the present project, a failure analysis was made to two mechanical parts, the first a helical spring of a vehicle and the second to a bolt of an industrial machinery that is subtracted thanks to the teacher’s support. The first thing we did was an inspection and visual identification of the parts in the parts of the failures to verify and give an indication of the effect of the failures, secondly in the laboratories of the university foundation the liberators took the analysis of microstructure to identify the type of material of the mechanical parts and finally a Rockwell hardness test was carried out and with the results obtained from the analyzes to be able to identify both the material and the causes of the faults in the pieces analyzed. Through the process it could be found that the failures that affected the pieces, both the bolt and the spring, were affected by fatigue, due it can seen on the marks that due to the expansion of the fault was leaving. ( Apartes del texto)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de una guía macho para molde de inyecciónAgredo Moreno, Juan Gabriel; Moreno Vega, Tatiana; Silva Gómez, Juan Diego; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoThis report has been prepared with the intention of determining the method of failure of the component of a mold for injection of PVC, which we will name from now on as the guide male. In the process of fault analysis, we will initially identify, through a visual inspection, the element through the fault zone, the machined structures that the element has and supported by the bibliographic sources; identify in the first instance; hypothesis to determine the reasons why the element failed. Following this we will proceed with a metallographic analysis following the protocols established for this purpose such as the surface preparation of the material, the chemical attack and finally the analysis of the microstructure of the element. From these results, the steel specifications are determined to subsequently take the hardness in both the analysis area of the microstructure and the perimeter surface of the element. The above to determine the quality of the steel, its mechanical properties and together with a detailed analysis of the optimal working conditions and which in which the fault was generated, can generate a conclusion of the possible cause of the fracture of the element ; in this case due to fatigue.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla de una mordaza de prensa de banco, tornillo elevador y tubo de transporte de amoniacoRomero García, Diego Fernando; Martínez Páez, Álvaro Fabián; Castro Castro, José DavidIn this project the diagnosis of the faults that were presented in a vice for the bench press, a lifting screw and a transport tube for ammonia was made. To do this, a visual inspection of the object of study was carried out, with the support of characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and hardness measurement. The analyzes of the samples help to gather evidence to clarify the general panorama of the root of the fault. After studying the information collected, it is concluded that the gag was due to fatigue and that it shows a series of traces characteristic of this type of phenomenon. The steel screw is due to a bending stress causing a brittle fracture to occur. Finally, the tube for the transport of ammonia was due to corrosion in the form of bites caused by the environment to which it was exposed. This type of studies helps to define design parameters to avoid faults in machines and structures, as well as create a history of failures with defined causes that serve as support for future projects
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla en elementos mecánicos de sujeciónDíaz Cortés, Camila Lorena; Yazo Salgado, Oswaldo Enrique; Ayala Pineda, Danny Alexander; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoIn the present study, the failure analysis was carried out on two (2) elements of daily application such as fastening bolts. The first bolt had fracture in the stem in the area without thread, the second bolt was found with fracture in the thread area. The objective of the study is to determine the mode of failure present in each of the bolts analyzed. Through the realization of visual analysis, metallographic analysis and hardness tests, with equipment available at the Universidad del Libertadores, characteristics of the material were identified and characteristic marks of typical faults present in the fracture zone of the samples were evidenced. it was possible to determine the failure mode that caused the breaking of the elements. It was found that the failure mode in the first bolt was fragile to torsion fracture, produced by high work cycles, evidencing little plastic deformation, multiple crack start-end options, surface failure with rough areas, nucleations and high hardness. The second failure bolt was a *ductile bending fracture* produced by punctual overloads, evidencing high plastic deformation, defined beach markings, failure surface with flat areas, little rough and a medium hardness. (Apartes del texto)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla en herramientas manuales agrietadasCamargo Capador, Johnatan Camilo; Reyes Bejarano, Elkin Rodrigo; Rivera Aranda, Carlos Andrés; Cendales Ladino, Edwin DaríoThe object of the present investigation is to determine the factors that induced mechanical failures to two mechanical components, used as tools of the industry which are a 14 mm socket wrench and a 120 mm bar tool extension. In the first place, an investigation of the theoretical foundations was carried out; corrosion under stress, and fatigue, which helped to understand more thoroughly what could have been the main cause for the pieces to be affected to these determined fractures. Then the description of each of the affected components was carried out, and in addition to their respective faults produced in each of the pieces. Then the respective metallographic observations of the components were carried out, likewise hardness tests were also carried out. Finally, it was established that the socket wrench fractured in a fragile manner due to stress corrosion cracking, the extensor failure by nucleation of fatigue. (Parts of the text)
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla para un punzón de corte, un tornillo de sujeción de un cilindro hidráulico para maquinaria pesada, y un tornillo de sujeción de una tornamesa para maquinaria pesadaGarcía Rojas, Yesid Reynaldo; Arias Diaz, Edwin Vicente; Vasquez Morales, Johan Sebastian; Gutierrez Bernal, Jesus ManuelFor this project the fault analysis method was used for three mechanical parts which suffered fracture due to different causes, first of all a visual inspection of each of the pieces was made, taking a test tube, chemical tests were carried out, it was established the different chemical components that each piece possesses, in addition to the metallographic analysis of its microstructure, it was also possible to determine what type of steel was and if it also had thermal treatment or not. it was possible to determine the hypothesis that support the cause of the failure, for the cutting punch it was established that failure due to fatigue and wear since there was no record of work start of this tool and is the most likely cause of the failure . For the screws of the hydraulic cylinder and the turntable the fatigue failure hypotheses of the material were made at the moment of adjusting the screws. This kind of studies helps to define design parameters to avoid faults in machines and structures, as well as create a fault history with defined causes that will serve as support for future projects.
- ÍtemAnálisis de falla por fatiga de un resorte helicoidalDaza Hernández, Luis David; Clavijo Velásquez, Luis Ariel; Gutiérrez Bernal, Jesús ManuelThe present project was carried out a failure analysis in a coil spring of a Chevrolet sail vehicle. The first thing that was done was a visual inspection and identification of the possible faults that this could present, in this way the practical tests were started which were carried out in the laboratory where the helical spring was mounted. In a 4 HZ® mechanical cycler, to know the cycles it supports before failing, the process is then performed to know the microstructure of the material, which indicates stunned martensite. Followed with the phases of the project was made the 5 hardness traces in HRC with different depth%. In which it was obtained that in the 0.02mm trace it gives a hardness of 51.00 HRC, that of 0.04mm of 51.00 HRC without showing any variation. In the third and fourth shot shows a small variation of 05 HRC, giving the following data equal, the 06.00mm footprint gives a hardness of 51.50 HRC and 0.08mm of 51.50 HRC. Likewise, the last shot that gives in the center of the material gives a little harder. The 0.10mm trace gives a hardness of 52.00 HRC, after the 5 marks are taken, the 5 results are added and we divide them into 5 to obtain the average of the real hardness.