Evaluación de cuatro modelos de labranza en la calidad del suelo y sus efectos en la producción

Abstract

Tillage systems are increasing day after day, to reduce labor costs, increase the efficiency of agricultural work and intensify crop production, but also generate notable effects on the quality of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. soil, erosion among others. The objective of this study was to evaluate four tillage models that increase productivity without affecting soil properties (Treatment 1 consists of 2 passes of eccentric harrow (PRE), 2 passes of polishing rake (PRP) and 1 pass forage maize sowing (PS); in treatment 2, 1 chisel pass (PC), 2 PRE, 3 PRP and 1 PS were implemented; in treatment 3, 2 PC, 2 PRE, 2 PRP and 1 PS were performed , and finally in treatment 4, only 1 PS) was carried out in the forage corn crop. The treatments were evaluated using a mathematical model Y_ij = μ + τ_i + β_(j )+ ϵ_ij in the randomized block design analysis with three repetitions for a total of 108 data and 9 variables. Where the soil and the crop were characterized and evaluated during the production cycle. The reduction of the dimensions of the data set was carried out through the analysis of principal components (PCA), the tests of general and mixed linear models (MLGM) and conglomerates (ACon) and their respective graph. In the case of the variables pH, electrical conductivity, infiltration, apparent density, real density, porosity, phenological growth and production, it indicates the dynamics of the soil, availability of nutrients and water that are fundamental parts for the growth and development of plants, microorganisms and soil life in general. The phenological growth presented better growth in treatment 2 implementing 1 pass of chisel plow, 2 passes of eccentric harrow and 2 passes of polishing rake, therefore, the production is superior to the other treatments. Finally, it must be taken into account that excessive tillage systems or insufficient implementation can cause production to be significantly lower.