Gráficas de trayectorias óptimas interplanetarias

Abstract

Transfer path orbits allow space devices to move around each other, usually in a circular fashion. Generally, an impulse is required at the beginning, at the end and in some specific cases an impulse in the middle of the orbit. For this reason, it is orbital mechanics it is of great importance to visualize in graphic mode the paths of interplanetary transfers. In this sense, this grade work seeks to obtain the optimal launch windows for hypothetical missions of sending a probe from the planet Earth to the planets, Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn, also generate graphs of Hohmann transfer paths and not Hohmann for each of the missions named. For this, a study of the physics and mathematics involved in the movement of planets is carried out, this in order to implement it to the computational packages applied to the MATLAB and Mathematica® software. Specifically, launch windows are obtained for the hypothetical missions of sending a probe from planet Earth to Mercury, Venus, Jupiter and Saturn. In the same way, the graphics of the Hohmann and non-Hohmann transfer trajectories are generated for each of the missions. The results of this project are verified, finding the launch windows of the space missions, Mariner 10, Venera 11, Ulysses and Voyager 2 with the same computational code with which the launch windows of the hypothetical missions were found. From the results obtained from the launch windows of the missions, Mariner 10, Venera 11, Ulysses and Voyager 2, it can be evidenced that there is a minimal difference between the dates on which these space probes were actually sent and the date found with the computational code implemented. This means that the computational algorithms used allow the date of the optimal launch window to be calculated properly